National and International prizes in various field

National and International prizes in various field – English notes

Nobel Prize

It is the most coveted international award in the world. It is Instituted by Alfred Bernard Nobel (inventor of dynamite). The award is given on December 10 (death anniversary of Alfred Bernard Nobel). Apart from Economics, all other categories have been given since 1901. Economics Nobel Prize was instituted in 1967 and was first given in 1969. Nobel Prize is given every year to those eminent persons who have made pioneering achievements in the following fields:

Physics
Chemistry
Medicine
Peace
Literature
Economics

Gallantry Awards

Param Vir Chakra: It is India’s highest award for bravery.
Mahavir Chakra: It is the second-highest gallantry award.
Vir Chakra: It is the third-highest gallantry award.
Ashok Chakra: It is the highest peace-time gallantry award

Bharat Ratna

It is the highest civilian award in India. Presented by the Government of India for exceptional public service and rarest achievements in the field of art, literature, and science. However, Instituted in 1954.

Magsaysay Awards

It is Instituted in 1957 and named after Ramon Magsaysay, the former President of the Philippines. This award is given annually on August 31. This award is given for outstanding contributions to public service, community leadership, journalism, literature and creative arts and international understanding. It is also regarded as the Nobel Prize of Asia.

Jawaharlal Nehru Award for International Understanding

It is Instituted in 1965 by the Government of India and given annually to persons for outstanding contributions to international understanding and goodwill among the people of the world.

Grammy Award

It is an award presented by The Recording Academy to recognize achievements in the music industry. The first Grammy Awards ceremony was held on May 4, 1959, to honor and respect the musical accomplishments of performers for the year 1958.

Oscar Awards

It is Instituted in 1929 and conferred annually by the Academy of Motion Pictures in the USA. The first Indian to get an Oscar was Bhanu Athaiya for the movie ‘Gandhi’. Satyajit Ray was the first Indian awarded Oscar for lifetime achievements in cinema in 1992.

UNESCO Peace Prize

It is Presented by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)for extraordinary contributions for international peace.

Pulitzer Prize

It is Instituted in 1917 and named after the US Publisher Joseph Pulitzer for accomplishments in journalism, literature, and music.

Right Livelihood Award

It is Instituted in 1980 by the Right Livelihood Society, London. it is also known as an alternate Nobel Award. This award is given to promote and contribute to the fields of environment and social justice.

UNESCO Human Rights Award

It is Presented by UNESCO for contributions in the field of Human Rights Awareness. It is given every alternate year.

Man Booker Prize

It is the highest literary award to authors of British, Irish and Commonwealth countries established in 1969. It is renamed as Man Booker Prize, as the sponsorship has been taken over by the Man Group, an international stockbroker.

Mahatma Gandhi Peace Prize

It Instituted in 1995 by the Government of India for international peace on the lines of Nobel Prize.

UN Human Rights Award

It is presented by the UN for personal contribution to the cause of human rights. It is presented every sixth year.

World Food Prize

It is presented by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) for the cause of agriculture and food development.

Indira Gandhi Award For International Peace, Disarmament and Development

It is presented by Indira Gandhi Memorial Fund in India for a specialized contribution in the field of international disarmament and development.

Padma Vibhushan

It is the second-highest civilian award for distinguished services in any field including Government service. Padma Bhushan and Padma Shree are the other important civilian awards.

Bhartiya Jnanpith Awards

It is Instituted in 1965 for distinguished works in any recognized language by a scholar.

Sahitya Akademy Awards

It is Instituted in 1955 for any exclusive writing in any of the 22 languages including English literature.

Saraswati Samman

It is Instituted in 1991 by the K.K. Birla Foundation for any distinguished literary work made during the last 10 years in any of the Indian languages.