Peninsular range and hills of India

peninsular range of India

The Peninsular Range of India refers to a series of hill and mountain ranges located in the southern part of the Indian subcontinent. These ranges are primarily composed of older rocks, including granite and gneiss, and they cover a significant portion of the Indian peninsula, which includes the southern and central parts of India.

Some of the prominent Peninsular Ranges and hill ranges in India include:

Western Ghats: The Western Ghats, also known as the Sahyadri Mountains, run parallel to the western coast of India, stretching from Gujarat in the north to Tamil Nadu in the south. These mountains are known for their lush forests, diverse flora and fauna, and numerous hill stations. The Western Ghats are a UNESCO World Heritage Site and are home to several important wildlife sanctuaries and national parks.
Eastern Ghats: The Eastern Ghats run parallel to the eastern coast of India, covering states such as Odisha, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, and Karnataka. While they are not as high as the Western Ghats, they are still significant and have a diverse range of ecosystems.
Satpura Range: The Satpura Range is a series of hills and plateaus located in central India, primarily in the states of Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra. The Satpura Range is known for its scenic beauty, dense forests, and wildlife.
Vindhya Range: The Vindhya Range is another range of hills located in central India, running parallel to the Satpura Range. The Narmada River flows between the Vindhya and Satpura Ranges.
These Peninsular Ranges have a significant impact on the climate, ecology, and culture of the regions they cover. They are home to diverse flora and fauna, including many endemic species. Additionally, the Western Ghats, in particular, play a crucial role in the monsoon climate of India and are a source of several major rivers.

Aravali range-Peninsular range and hills of India

The Aravali Range, often referred to simply as the Aravalis, is one of the oldest and longest mountain ranges in India. It stretches across the northwestern part of the Indian subcontinent, covering several states including Rajasthan, Haryana, and Gujarat.

Here are some key details about the Aravali Range

Geographical Extent: The Aravali Range runs approximately from southwest Gujarat, near the Gulf of Khambhat, to the northeastern part of Rajasthan, close to the Delhi-Haryana border. It extends over a distance of about 800 kilometers (500 miles).

Formation and Age: The Aravali Range is estimated to be more than 350 million years old, making it one of the oldest mountain ranges in the world. It predates even the Himalayas.

Geology: The Aravali Range is primarily composed of ancient rocks, including granites, gneisses, and schists. It has undergone extensive erosion over millions of years, resulting in its relatively low and rounded appearance compared to younger mountain ranges.

Elevation: The Aravalis are not as high as some of the other mountain ranges in India. The highest peak in the Aravali Range is Guru Shikhar, which stands at an elevation of approximately 1,722 meters (5,650 feet) and is located in the Sirohi district of Rajasthan.

Ecology: The Aravali Range supports a diverse range of flora and fauna, including various species of wildlife, birds, and plants. It plays a crucial role in the conservation of biodiversity in the region.

Cultural Significance: The Aravali Range has historical and cultural significance. It is associated with many legends, folklore, and ancient temples and monuments. The range has been mentioned in ancient texts and was once an important part of trade routes.

Conservation: In recent years, there has been increased attention on the conservation of the Aravali Range due to environmental concerns, including deforestation, mining, and urban development. Efforts are being made to protect and preserve the ecological balance of the region.

Tourism: The Aravali Range, with its scenic beauty, has become a tourist destination. Visitors can explore the natural landscapes, go hiking, visit historic sites, and enjoy the peaceful atmosphere in the region.

Overall, the Aravali Range is a significant geological and cultural feature of northwestern India, contributing to the region’s natural beauty and heritage.

Western Ghats-Peninsular range and hills of India

The Western Ghats, also known as the Sahyadri Mountains, is a prominent mountain range in India that runs parallel to the western coast of the Indian subcontinent. This mountain range is characterized by its lush greenery, rich biodiversity, and numerous rivers, making it one of the most ecologically significant regions in India. Here are some key points about the Western Ghats:

Geographical Extent: The Western Ghats extend over a length of approximately 1,600 kilometers (990 miles) and cover a significant portion of western and southwestern India. They run through several states, including Gujarat, Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu.

Biodiversity Hotspot: The Western Ghats are recognized as one of the world’s biodiversity hotspots, hosting a wide variety of plant and animal species, many of which are endemic to the region. The area is known for its diverse range of ecosystems, from lush tropical rainforests to montane grasslands.

Rivers and Waterfalls: Numerous rivers originate in the Western Ghats, including the Godavari, Krishna, Kaveri, and Tungabhadra. The region is also home to several spectacular waterfalls, such as Jog Falls, Dudhsagar Falls, and Athirappilly Falls.

Ecological Significance: The Western Ghats play a crucial role in the monsoon climate of India. They act as a barrier to the southwest monsoon winds, causing heavy rainfall on the windward side and creating a rain shadow effect on the leeward side. This rainfall supports agriculture, forests, and numerous ecosystems.

UNESCO World Heritage Site: In 2012, the Western Ghats were designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site for their exceptional biological diversity and the numerous endemic species found in the region.

National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries: The Western Ghats are home to several national parks and wildlife sanctuaries, including the Periyar Tiger Reserve, Silent Valley National Park, Bhadra Wildlife Sanctuary, and many others. These protected areas are vital for the conservation of endangered species like the Bengal tiger, Indian elephant, and Nilgiri tahr.

Cultural and Historical Significance: The Western Ghats also hold cultural and historical significance. They are dotted with ancient temples, historic forts, and tribal settlements. The region has a rich cultural heritage and is home to various indigenous communities.

Tourism: The Western Ghats are a popular destination for nature enthusiasts, trekkers, and wildlife lovers. Visitors can explore the scenic beauty, trek through the lush forests, and experience the local culture and cuisine.

The Western Ghats are a vital ecological and cultural treasure in India, contributing to the country’s natural beauty, climate, and biodiversity. Conservation efforts are ongoing to protect and preserve this unique and fragile ecosystem.

Eastern Ghats-Peninsular range and hills of India

The Eastern Ghats is a major mountain range in eastern India that runs parallel to the east coast of the Indian subcontinent. While not as well-known as the Western Ghats on the western coast, the Eastern Ghats also have significant geographical, ecological, and cultural importance. Here are some key points about the Eastern Ghats:

Geographical Extent: The Eastern Ghats extend over a distance of about 1,750 kilometers (1,090 miles) along the eastern side of India. They cover several states, including Odisha, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Karnataka, and Tamil Nadu.

Formation and Age: The Eastern Ghats, like the Western Ghats, are a result of the collision of the Indian Plate with the Eurasian Plate. They are considerably older than the Western Ghats, with some estimates suggesting an age of around 2.5 billion years.

Elevation: The Eastern Ghats are generally lower in elevation compared to the Western Ghats. The highest peak in the Eastern Ghats is Mahendragiri in Odisha, which stands at an elevation of approximately 1,501 meters (4,925 feet).

Biodiversity: The Eastern Ghats are known for their diverse flora and fauna. They host several important wildlife sanctuaries and national parks, such as the Simlipal National Park in Odisha. These areas are home to various species of wildlife, including elephants, tigers, leopards, and a variety of bird species.

Rivers: Many rivers originate in the Eastern Ghats and flow towards the Bay of Bengal. Some of the notable rivers include the Godavari, Krishna, Mahanadi, and Pennar. These rivers are crucial for agriculture and provide water for a significant portion of eastern India.

Cultural Heritage: The Eastern Ghats are dotted with temples, historic sites, and tribal communities. The region has a rich cultural heritage and is home to various indigenous groups with unique customs and traditions.

Natural Resources: The Eastern Ghats have deposits of minerals like bauxite, iron ore, and manganese, which have contributed to industrial development in the region. However, this has also raised concerns about environmental conservation and sustainable resource management.

Tourism: The Eastern Ghats offer opportunities for eco-tourism, trekking, and exploration of natural beauty. Tourists can visit hill stations like Araku Valley in Andhra Pradesh and explore the picturesque landscapes.

Challenges: Like many mountain ranges, the Eastern Ghats face challenges related to deforestation, habitat loss, and environmental degradation. Conservation efforts are ongoing to protect the region’s biodiversity and ecosystem.

Overall, the Eastern Ghats, while less famous than the Western Ghats, are an important geographical feature of eastern India. They play a vital role in the ecology, culture, and economy of the regions they traverse.

Satpura Range-Peninsular range and hills of India

The Satpura Range is a prominent mountain range in central India, primarily spanning across the states of Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Chhattisgarh. It is one of the most important geological features of the Indian subcontinent. Here are some key points about the Satpura Range:

Geographical Extent: The Satpura Range extends over approximately 900 kilometers (560 miles) from west to east, running parallel to the Vindhya Range. It covers a significant portion of central India.

Formation and Age: The Satpura Range is believed to be about 1.5 billion years old and is composed mainly of ancient rocks, including granite, gneiss, and sandstone. It was formed due to geological processes involving the Indian Plate and the Eurasian Plate.

Elevation: While not as high as some other mountain ranges in India, the Satpura Range features several peaks with elevations exceeding 1,000 meters (3,280 feet). The highest peak in the range is Dhupgarh, located in the Pachmarhi hill station of Madhya Pradesh, which reaches an elevation of about 1,350 meters (4,430 feet).

Rivers and Watersheds: The Satpura Range plays a significant role in India’s river systems. Several important rivers, including the Narmada, Tapti, Mahanadi, and Son, originate in or flow through this region. These rivers contribute to the water supply and agriculture of the surrounding areas.

Wildlife and Biodiversity: The Satpura Range is known for its rich biodiversity and serves as a habitat for various wildlife species, including tigers, leopards, sloth bears, and a variety of bird species. The Satpura Tiger Reserve, which is part of the range, is an important conservation area for tigers and other endangered species.

Forests: The Satpura Range is covered with dense forests, which are home to a variety of plant species. These forests play a crucial role in maintaining the ecological balance of the region.

Tourism: The Satpura Range offers opportunities for eco-tourism, trekking, and wildlife safaris. Pachmarhi, a popular hill station in the range, attracts tourists with its scenic beauty and cool climate.

Cultural Significance: The Satpura Range is associated with various indigenous communities and has cultural and historical importance. The region is dotted with tribal villages and archaeological sites.

Conservation Efforts: Conservation initiatives are ongoing in the Satpura Range to protect its biodiversity and natural resources. Efforts are also made to promote sustainable tourism and livelihoods for local communities.

Overall, the Satpura Range is an important geographical and ecological feature in central India, contributing to the region’s natural beauty, water resources, and cultural heritage. It provides a unique environment for the conservation of wildlife and ecosystems.

Vindhya Range-Peninsular range and hills of India

The Vindhya Range is a prominent and relatively low-lying mountain range in central India, separating the northern and southern parts of the Indian subcontinent. Here are some key points about the Vindhya Range:

Geographical Extent: The Vindhya Range extends approximately from the state of Gujarat in western India to the state of West Bengal in eastern India, covering a distance of about 1,050 kilometers (650 miles). It primarily runs parallel to the north-central part of the country.

Formation and Age: The Vindhya Range was formed due to geological processes involving the Indian Plate and the Eurasian Plate. It is estimated to be around 1.5 billion years old, making it a relatively old geological feature.

Elevation: The Vindhya Range is generally not very high in comparison to some of the other mountain ranges in India. The highest peak in the Vindhyas is the Deoghar Peak, located in the Kaimur Range, with an elevation of about 881 meters (2,890 feet).

Geology: The Vindhya Range is composed of sedimentary rocks, including sandstone, shale, and limestone. It is known for its horizontally layered rock formations.

Cultural Significance: The Vindhya Range has cultural and historical significance in India. It is mentioned in ancient Indian texts, and it is associated with many Hindu legends and mythology. The range is also home to numerous temples and pilgrimage sites.

Tribal Communities: The Vindhya Range and its surrounding areas are inhabited by various indigenous tribal communities. These tribes have their own unique cultures, traditions, and languages.

Rivers: Several important rivers originate in the Vindhya Range or flow through it, including the Chambal, Betwa, and Ken rivers. These rivers are crucial for irrigation and agriculture in the region.

Wildlife: The Vindhya Range is home to a variety of wildlife, including leopards, deer, and various bird species. The region has several wildlife sanctuaries and protected areas to conserve its biodiversity.

Tourism: While not as well-known as some other mountain ranges in India, the Vindhya Range offers opportunities for tourism, including visits to historical sites, temples, and natural landscapes.

Challenges: Like many other mountain ranges, the Vindhya Range faces environmental challenges such as deforestation, habitat loss, and soil erosion. Conservation efforts are ongoing to protect the region’s natural resources and biodiversity.

The Vindhya Range, with its historical, cultural, and ecological significance, is an important geographical feature in central India. It has played a role in shaping the landscape and culture of the region for centuries.

hills in Western Ghat-Peninsular range and hills of India

The Western Ghats, also known as the Sahyadri Mountains, are a vast and diverse mountain range in western India. Within the Western Ghats, there are numerous hills and peaks, each with its unique characteristics and attractions. Here are some notable hills and peaks in the Western Ghats:

Anamudi: Anamudi is the highest peak in the Western Ghats and in South India, with an elevation of 2,695 meters (8,842 feet). It is located in the state of Kerala and is part of the Eravikulam National Park.

Kudremukh: Kudremukh is a hill in the Western Ghats of Karnataka. Its name translates to “Horse Face” in the local language, and the hill resembles the face of a horse. Kudremukh is known for its biodiversity and the Kudremukh National Park.

Mullayanagiri: Mullayanagiri is the highest peak in the state of Karnataka, with an elevation of 1,934 meters (6,345 feet). It is a popular trekking destination and offers panoramic views of the surrounding hills.

Baba Budangiri: Located in the Chikmagalur district of Karnataka, Baba Budangiri is a range of hills known for its coffee plantations and the famous Dattatreya Peetha, a pilgrimage site.

Agasthyamalai Hills: Also known as the Agastya Mala, these hills are situated in the southern part of the Western Ghats, spanning both Kerala and Tamil Nadu. They are named after the sage Agastya and are known for their rich biodiversity.

Amboli Ghat: Amboli Ghat is a hill station in the Western Ghats of Maharashtra. It is famous for its misty landscapes, waterfalls, and lush greenery.

Chembra Peak: Chembra Peak is located in Wayanad district of Kerala. It is a popular trekking destination, known for the heart-shaped Chembra Lake that lies on its slopes.

Tadiandamol: Tadiandamol is the highest peak in the Coorg district of Karnataka, with an elevation of 1,748 meters (5,735 feet). It offers breathtaking views of the surrounding hills and valleys.

Matheran: Matheran is a hill station in the Western Ghats of Maharashtra, known for its colonial-era charm and panoramic viewpoints.

Lohagad and Visapur: Lohagad and Visapur are twin forts located in the Western Ghats near Pune, Maharashtra. They are popular trekking destinations and offer historical insights into the region.

These are just a few examples of the many hills and peaks within the Western Ghats, each contributing to the natural beauty, biodiversity, and recreational opportunities in this ecologically significant region of India.

Hills in Eastern Ghat-Peninsular range and hills of India

The Eastern Ghats, located along the eastern coast of India, are not as well-known as the Western Ghats, but they also feature several hills and hill ranges. Here are some of the prominent hills and hill ranges in the Eastern Ghats:

Araku Valley: Located in the Visakhapatnam district of Andhra Pradesh, Araku Valley is a scenic hill station in the Eastern Ghats known for its coffee plantations, lush greenery, and pleasant climate.

Nallamala Hills: Situated in the Eastern Ghats of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana, the Nallamala Hills are known for their rugged terrain and rich biodiversity. The Srisailam Wildlife Sanctuary, located in this region, is home to various wildlife species.

Kondapalli Hills: These hills are located near the city of Vijayawada in Andhra Pradesh. They are known for the Kondapalli Fort, a historic site, and for the traditional wooden toys made in the region.

Javadi Hills: The Javadi Hills are a range of hills located in the eastern part of Tamil Nadu. They are known for their scenic beauty and are home to the Javadi Hills Wildlife Sanctuary.

Shevaroy Hills: Also known as the Shevaroys, these hills are situated near Salem in Tamil Nadu. They are known for the Shevaroy Temple and Yercaud, a popular hill station in the region.

Mahendragiri: Mahendragiri is a hill range located in the southern part of the Eastern Ghats, near the town of Paralakhemundi in Odisha. It is known for its spiritual significance and the presence of the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) tracking station.

Nilgiri Hills (Eastern Part): While the Nilgiri Hills are more commonly associated with the Western Ghats, they also extend into the eastern part of Tamil Nadu and are sometimes referred to as the “Eastern Nilgiris.”

Simlipal Hills: Simlipal is a hill range located in the Mayurbhanj district of Odisha. It is known for the Simlipal National Park, which is a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve and home to diverse wildlife.

Deomali: Deomali is the highest peak in the Eastern Ghats, with an elevation of approximately 1,672 meters (5,486 feet). It is located in the Koraput district of Odisha and is known for its natural beauty.

These are some of the notable hills and hill ranges in the Eastern Ghats. While the Western Ghats are more famous for their biodiversity and scenic beauty, the Eastern Ghats also offer unique landscapes, cultural heritage, and opportunities for outdoor activities and exploration.

hills Aravali range-Peninsular range and hills of India

The Aravalli Range is a prominent mountain range in northwestern India, and it extends across several states, including Rajasthan, Haryana, and Gujarat. While the Aravalli Range is not as high as some other mountain ranges in India, it is known for its scenic beauty, historical significance, and cultural heritage. Here are some notable hills and hill ranges within the Aravalli Range:

Guru Shikhar: Guru Shikhar is the highest peak in the Aravalli Range and is located near Mount Abu in Rajasthan. It stands at an elevation of approximately 1,722 meters (5,650 feet) above sea level. Guru Shikhar offers panoramic views of the surrounding landscape and is a popular tourist destination.

Mount Abu: Mount Abu is a well-known hill station in the Aravalli Range, also located in Rajasthan. It is a popular retreat for tourists and is known for its pleasant climate, serene lakes, and historic temples.

Ambaji Hills: These hills are located in Gujarat, near the town of Ambaji. The region is known for the Ambaji Temple, a significant pilgrimage site for Hindus.

Tijara Fort: Tijara Fort is situated in the Alwar district of Rajasthan. It is located on a small hill and offers historical and architectural attractions.

Mewar Hills: The Mewar Hills are a part of the Aravalli Range and are situated in the Udaipur region of Rajasthan. They are known for their historical forts and palaces.

Kumbhalgarh Hills: The Kumbhalgarh Hills are located in the Rajsamand district of Rajasthan. They are famous for the Kumbhalgarh Fort, a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of the largest forts in India.

Hills of Alwar: The Alwar region in Rajasthan is known for its hilly terrain and picturesque landscapes. The hills in this area are home to historic sites, wildlife sanctuaries, and adventure activities.

Pali Hills: The Pali Hills are situated in the Pali district of Rajasthan. They are known for their natural beauty and are a popular destination for trekkers and nature enthusiasts.

Sariska Hills: These hills are located in the Sariska Tiger Reserve in Rajasthan. The region is known for its wildlife and the Sariska Palace, a former royal hunting lodge.

Mount Abu Hills: Apart from Guru Shikhar, Mount Abu is surrounded by a range of hills that collectively form the Mount Abu Hills. These hills are home to a variety of flora and fauna.

The Aravalli Range and its associated hills are known for their scenic landscapes, historical monuments, and cultural significance. They provide a tranquil and picturesque backdrop to the regions they traverse.

hills in the Satpura range-Peninsular range and hills of India

The Satpura Range is a series of hills and plateaus located in central India, primarily in the states of Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra. This range is characterized by its scenic beauty, dense forests, and diverse wildlife. Here are some notable hills and hill ranges within the Satpura Range:

Dhupgarh: Dhupgarh is the highest peak in the Satpura Range and is located in the Pachmarhi hill station of Madhya Pradesh. It stands at an elevation of approximately 1,350 meters (4,430 feet) and offers breathtaking views of the surrounding landscape.

Mahadeo Hills: The Mahadeo Hills are a prominent hill range in the Satpura Range, known for their religious and cultural significance. They are home to the Mahadeo Temple, a popular pilgrimage site.

Chauragarh: Chauragarh is another significant peak in the Satpura Range, situated near Pachmarhi. It is known for the Chauragarh Temple, where pilgrims undertake an annual trek during the Chauragarh Yatra.

Saputara Hills: The Saputara Hills are located in the Dang district of Gujarat, on the southern fringes of the Satpura Range. They are known for the hill station of Saputara, which offers picturesque landscapes and pleasant weather.

Bori Wildlife Sanctuary: The Bori Wildlife Sanctuary is situated in the southwestern part of the Satpura Range in Madhya Pradesh. It is known for its hilly terrain and is home to diverse wildlife species.

Amravati Plateau: The Amravati Plateau is a plateau region within the Satpura Range, primarily located in the state of Maharashtra. It features rolling hills and is known for its agricultural activities.

Melghat Hills: The Melghat Hills are part of the Satpura Range and are located in the Amravati district of Maharashtra. They are home to the Melghat Tiger Reserve, known for its rich biodiversity.

Tawa Hills: The Tawa Hills are situated in the Hoshangabad district of Madhya Pradesh, near the Tawa Reservoir. The region is known for its serene landscapes and is a popular destination for boating and nature lovers.

Bhimbetka Hills: The Bhimbetka Hills are known for the Bhimbetka Rock Shelters, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and ancient rock paintings. They are located within the Satpura Range in Madhya Pradesh.

Tamia Hills: Tamia is a small hill station located in the Satpura Range in Madhya Pradesh. It is known for its scenic beauty and is a tranquil retreat for tourists.

These hills and hill ranges within the Satpura Range offer a diverse range of landscapes, from lush forests to cultural and religious sites. The region is also home to numerous wildlife sanctuaries and natural attractions, making it a popular destination for nature enthusiasts and trekkers.

hills in Vindhya range-Peninsular range and hills of India

The Vindhya Range is a prominent mountain range in central India, primarily stretching across the states of Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh. While the Vindhya Range is generally not as high as some other mountain ranges in India, it features several hills and hill ranges. Here are some notable hills and hill ranges within the Vindhya Range:

Amarkantak Plateau-Peninsular range and hills of India

Amarkantak is a pilgrimage town located in the Vindhya Range in Madhya Pradesh. It is situated at the origin of the Narmada River and is known for its sacredness. The region features hills and plateaus.

Panna Range-Peninsular range and hills of India

The Panna Range is part of the Vindhya Range and is known for the Panna National Park, a tiger reserve in Madhya Pradesh. The hills and plateaus in this region are home to diverse wildlife.

Sonbhadra Hills: Located in the Sonbhadra district of Uttar Pradesh, these hills are a part of the Vindhya Range. The region is known for its rugged terrain and rich mineral deposits.

Rewa Plateau: The Rewa Plateau is situated in the Vindhya Range in Madhya Pradesh. It is characterized by its undulating terrain and is known for the Rewa Fort.

Maihar Hills: Maihar is a town located in the Vindhya Range in Madhya Pradesh. It is known for the Maihar Devi Temple, which is situated on a hilltop.

Bhaisana Hills: These hills are located in the Morena district of Madhya Pradesh. They are known for their scenic beauty and are part of the Vindhya Range.

Kaimur Range: The Kaimur Range is a hill range located on the border of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar, adjacent to the Vindhya Range. It is known for its rugged terrain and natural beauty.

Rewa Hills: The Rewa Hills are situated in the Rewa district of Madhya Pradesh. They are part of the Vindhya Range and are known for their picturesque landscapes.

Vindhya Plateau: The Vindhya Range also includes plateaus, such as the Vindhya Plateau, which covers a large part of central India. This plateau region features hills, forests, and agricultural land.

Banswara Hills: The Banswara Hills are located in the Banswara district of Rajasthan and are part of the southern extension of the Vindhya Range. They are known for their scenic beauty and tribal culture.

These hills and hill ranges within the Vindhya Range offer a range of landscapes and cultural attractions. They are often associated with religious and historical significance and are an integral part of the geography and heritage of central India.